The Causes and Solutions to Ethnic Conflicts - 1733 Words

The Causes and Solutions to Ethnic Conflicts Scholars of International Security have been trying to develop a theoretical approach to explain the causes of ethnic conflict for a long time. These studies have led to contentious debates but have also probed so deeply that their findings help shed new light on these issues, providing better understanding and possible solutions. Ethnic groups are defined as a community of people who share cultural and linguistic characteristics including religion, language, history, tradition, myth, and origin. This paper will explore the realist explanations of ethnic conflicts and then see how critical theory explanations offer new insight and answers to puzzles that could not be previously be†¦show more content†¦The most dominant explanation for ethnic conflict in these areas had been the realist account, which claimed that European colonialism created strife by reconstructing African identities and exploiting their resources; forcing them the compete with each other for surv ival. While I do believe that these realist explanations are legitimate factors, I do not think they are the only ones. After reading Stuart Kaufman’s in depth explanations, I am now convinced that value systems—or lack thereof, lie at the root of ethnic conflict. In Northern Sudan, Islamic values encouraged hostile expansionism of Sharia law, which threatened the survival (identity) of the Southern Sudanese who were unwilling to submit to it. Similarly, the creation of hostile myths against the Tutsi minority and large scale acceptance of the use of violence against them in Rwanda shows how easily populations lacking strong value systems can be manipulated by political elites into justifying the most heinous acts of violence against other human beings. Just as there are many plausible theories that explain the causes of ethnic conflicts worldwide, there too are many possible solutions. Although he is a realist scholar, Barry Posen admits thatShow MoreRelatedWhat is Confict Transformation 890 Words   |  4 Pages Conflict transformation explains that rather then getting rid of the conflict (expression or disagreement), it seeks to work at the problem from the inside out (Lederach, 1995). In this conflict stated above the root of the conflict was when the customer did not retain her information and software due to the suggestion given of performing a factory reset her computer. This problem could have been resolved when the customer first came in the store and inquired about this issue. The sale representativeRead MoreThe Dissolution Of Yugoslavi Yugoslavia903 Words   |  4 Pagesof the Soviet Union until the Union dissolved in 1991 and as a result Yugoslavia soon followed, but this is about what caused the Yugoslav dissolution and the effect it had on the future nations created (Metta Spencer). One main cause of the dissolution was the many ethnic groups within the Yugoslavia. Serbs comprised more than a third of the total population in the 1981 census. Percentagewise the Serbians were followed by the Croats (19.7 percent), Muslim Slavs (8.9 percent), Slovenes (7.8 percent)Read MoreThe Tumultuous Past of South Sudan1773 Words   |  7 Pagesseceded from Sudan on 30th January 2011. The new state was plagued by farther rebellions, tribal clashes and border conflict with the Sudan – this conflict was resolved through mediation supported by the African union. The current conflict broke out on 15th December, 2013. The purpose of this brief is to analyze the ongoing conflict in South Sudan and the position of Ethiopia in this conflict. We begin by examining the possible interest of Ethiopia and our capability or option to respond. South SudanRead MoreAfrican Poverty And Its Effects On African Africa1695 Words   |  7 PagesIt is estimated that around half of Sub-Saharan Africans live on under $1 a day. 32 of the 48 poorest countries in the world are in the sub-Saharan region. More needs to be done by African countries to combat the numerous causes of poverty such as Limited credit, War, and conflict, Increased unemployment, Lack of education, Diseases. There are very few lending companies as well as programs in Africa which are willing to provide financial aid to the poor people. The problem arises when the very poorRead MoreConflicts Are International Problems And Require Global Rather Than National Effort1694 Words   |  7 PagesCONCEPTION Conflicts are international problems and require global rather than national effort to eliminate and therefore the international society to recognize it to eliminate the institutions that make war likely. Therefore, the humanitarian organizations have increasingly stressed the need for the international community to embrace principles of human rights, diversity, good governance and participation when responding to situations of insecurity and violent conflict (Botha, 1989). Ethnic conflictsRead MorePeace: the Practice of Intercultural Respect, Reconciliation and Solidarity1689 Words   |  7 Pagesindividual, a government unit, or a mobilized group with a common cause, Peace has ultimately one basic meaning—the absence of hostility or the absence of fear of hostility. Usually it is defined as a state of ‘harmony’ – and this state is emphasized by the lack of violence and the freedom from any sort of violent conflict. Personally speaking, it could be define d as the mending of interpersonal relationships and the easing of personal conflicts— resulting in a healthier and better mental and emotional wellbeingRead MoreRace Is A Social Construction1074 Words   |  5 Pagesthe same ethnic group? Give examples. Ethnic group, as opposed to race as explained in the previous questions, does have some basis. Commonalities that people share in an ethnic group are language, religion, traditions, or physical features. For example, someone who identifies as ethnically British may celebrate Guy Fawkes day and may practice Christianity and follow the Church of England. However there are also catholic people that can identify as ethnically British. There are many ethnic groups,Read MoreEssay on Turkeys Internal Conflict and the Kurdish Minority995 Words   |  4 PagesTurkeys Internal Conflict and the Kurdish Minority Turkeys key internal conflict centers on the role of its large Kurdish minority, ethnically and linguistically distinct, in a state that constitutionally consists of Turks. This issue has been with Turkey almost since the foundation of the Turkish State in 1923. The Kurds were promised the creation of an independent state as part of the treaty of Sevres in 1920 but this part of the treaty was never ratified and Turkey has refused to recognizeRead MoreDoes Primordialism Best Explain the Formation of Identity Groups?1609 Words   |  7 Pagestheory in explaining the formation of identity groups and therefore violence and partitioning a country is the only way to solve conflicts between any two identity groups. As we compare opinions we will see that not only is primordialism not the best theory in explaining the formation of identity groups but also violence and partitioning enemy lines it not the only solution for conflicting groups. Primordialism refers to the belief that â€Å"identity groups are in some sense ‘natural’ or God givenRead MoreWhy Are Intra State Conflicts So Difficult? Resolve?1748 Words   |  7 Pagesare Intra-State Conflicts so difficult to resolve? This essay analyses the reasoning behind the difficulty of solving intra-state conflicts. First, it examines the nature of Intra-State Conflicts, defining their origins and clarifying the different types. The Arab Spring serves as the case in point to elucidate the problem. Furthermore, it is necessary to describe the role of international actors in preventing as well as solving intra-state conflicts. Interventionism, as a conflict management tool

You Dont Mind in French Ça MÉst Égal.

Ça mest à ©gal  is a common French expression that is pronounced sa meht aygahl. Literally, it means thats equal to me, but in use it actually means Its all the same to me or It doesnt matter to me or even Not to worry; Im easy. It is often  used in response to a choice between two or more options, whether they are stated or implied. And one other thing: Ça mest à ©gal  can be seen as flippant, depending on how the message is delivered. So take care with how you say this expression. Its All in the Telling If you say,  Ãƒâ€¡a  mest à ©gal  softly with a neutral expression or with a quick  bof, aka a Gallic shrug, you probably mean I dont feel strongly about it, Im not fussy, Im not bothered or I dont mind. If you say,  Ãƒâ€¡a  mest à ©gal  a little more strongly or with a flip wave of the hand and a touch of annoyance, you could mean I dont care or Its starting to get on my nerves. If you say, Ça  mest  complà ¨tement  Ãƒ ©gal, you could mean, I really dont care or I couldnt care less. All this will become clear when you scroll down to the list of possible synonyms for à §a mest à ©gal. Examples of a mestgal Here are some exchanges in everyday language using  Ãƒ §a mest  Ãƒ ©gal: Est-ce que tu veux une pomme ou une poire  ? Ça mest à ©gal. Do you want an apple or a pear? Either one. It doesnt matter to me.Dà ®ner en ville ou chez nous, à §a mest à ©gal.   Eating out or in, its all the same to me.Je veux partir à   midi. Ça mest à ©gal. I want to leave at noon. Its all the same to me (regarding the time we leave). Ça mest à ©gal  can be adapted  to  other grammatical persons by changing the  indirect object pronoun. For example: Ça test à ©gal ?  Ã‚  Its all the same to you?Ça nous est à ©gal.   Its all the same to us. Synonyms In ascending degrees of intensity, synonyms of  Ãƒ §a mest  Ãƒ ©gal  include: 1. In informal language, if you mean  I dont care, you could use, instead of à §a mest  Ãƒ ©gal,  the following expressions, which are regarded as slang or light street language: Je  men fiche.  /  Je men moque.  Ã‚  I dont care /  I dont give a d--n. 2. If you dont care, but the subject annoys you, you could use this very common familiar language: Ça  magace.   Thats getting on my nerves.Ça  membà ªte.   That  bothers me.Ça  mennuie. Im bothered / embarrassed / bored. 3. If you feel strongly about not caring, you could use more emphatic street  language. Be forewarned: These expressions can be vulgar. That said, if you visit France, you will likely hear this kind of language on the street, and its useful to know what it means and how to respond: Je men fous.   I dont give a d--n. / I dont give a f--k.Jen ai rien  Ãƒ   foutre.   I dont give a d--n. / I dont give a f--k. / Like I give a s--t. Additional Resources Expressions with à ªtreÇa and other indefinite demonstrative pronounsMost common French phrases

Why People Should Ride a Bicycle Free Essays

Why People Should Ride a Bicycle for Short Distance Trips A bicycle is a mechanism that has transported man for many decades. Nowadays, bicycling is a great way to move from one place to another in short distances. In my opinion, everyone should use a bicycle for short distant trips, rather than the convenience of a car. We will write a custom essay sample on Why People Should Ride a Bicycle or any similar topic only for you Order Now The use of a bicycle has many great advantages over a car. If you choose to ride your bicycle to drive a short distant trip, you will can decrease gasoline consumption, improve the quality of your life, and protect our environment. The first reason to use a bicycle for short distances is that gasoline consumption is a major effect on oil and gas prices. If more people would take advantage of riding their bicycles, rather than driving their car, then gas and oil prices would lower. Our economy is at risk of losing the value of a dollar because the increase of oil and gas. If more people would ride their bicycles, then it would save money and gas consumption would save as well. Another good reason to riding your bicycle is that it can improve the quality of your life. By riding your bicycle it gives you the opportunity to breathe in fresh air. You can clear your lungs, get plenty of exercise, and stay in shape. Riding a bicycle gives you the freedom that you wouldn’t get by driving your car. Improving the quality of your life can be as simple as taking a short trip on your bike. Finally, we can help protect our environment by giving up the convenience of driving our car which causes gas fumes and chemicals in there air. If more people would realize that gas fumes are bad for our environment, and harmful to the birds and creatures that live here with us, they would surely take the opportunity to ride their bike. These are some excellent reasons why riding our bicycle is more to our advantage than the convenience of driving our car. If we will take the opportunity of riding our bike for short trips, we can definitely help on gas consumption, improving the quality of our lives, and be a help to improving the quality of our environment. How to cite Why People Should Ride a Bicycle, Essays

Book of negroes free essay sample

The Book of Negroes is the first novel to examine the story of African peoples who, after enslavement in the United States and escape to Canada, returned to Africa in the eighteenth century. Aminata Diallo begins the story of her tumultuous life with the words: â€Å"I seem to have trouble dying. By all rights, I should not have lived this long.† Aminata’s story spans six decades and three continents. Against the backdrop of British slavery and liberation in the U.S., Canada, England and West Africa, the Book of Negroes dramatizes one woman’s epic tale of survival and migration. Born around 1745 in Mali, Aminata is kidnapped as a child and sent across the Atlantic Ocean to South Carolina. She works on an indigo plantation and later as an urban slave before escaping her master in New York City on the eve of the American Revolutionary War. Aminata ends up serving the British as a midwife and then as a scribe, recording in a British military ledger called the â€Å"Book of Negroes†, the names and descriptions of thousands of fugitive slaves who are desperate to sail from New York City before George Washington and his American patriots take control of the city. We will write a custom essay sample on Book of Negroes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the end of the war, Aminata sails with thousands of blacks to Nova Scotia. In Shelburne, she discovers that freedom in the British colonies is illusory and in some respects just as dangerous as the slavery she fled in the American South. In 1792, Aminata joins the first back to Africa† movement in the history of the Americas and sails with 1,200 Black Loyalists to Sierra Leone. After a decade in Africa, Aminata sails to England to advocate for the end of the slave trade and to write the life story that becomes this novel. Let me begin with a caveat to any and all who find these pages. Do not trust large bodies of water, and do not cross them. If you, Dear Reader, have an African hue and find yourself led toward water with vanishing shores, seize your freedom by any means necessary. And cultivate distrust of the colour pink. Pink is taken as the colour of innocence, the colour of childhood, but as it spills across the water in the light of the dying sun, do not fall into its pretty path. There, right underneath, lies a bottomless graveyard of children, mothers and men. I shudder to imagine all the Africans rocking in the deep. Every time I have sailed the seas, I have had the sense of  gliding over the unburied †¦ What benevolent force would bewitch the human spirit by choosing pink to light the path of a slave vessel? From The Book of Negroes The Book of Negroes – Lawrence Hill’s third novel and sixth book – will be published by HarperCollins Canada on January 30, 2007. The Book of Negroes takes its title from a British military document recording details about thousands of Black Loyalists who fled New York City for Nova Scotia in 1783. It is the first novel to examine the story of African peoples who, after enslavement in the United States and escape to Canada, returned to Africa in the late eighteenth century. Also in 2007, Lawrence Hill will be releasing a non-fiction book with House of Anansi Press in Canada, Atlantic Monthly Press in the U.S and Text Publishing Company in Australia. Co-authored with Joshua Key, it is called The Deserter’s Tale: The Story of an Ordinary Soldier Who Walked Away from the War in Iraq. Hill’s last book was the bestseller Black Berry, Sweet Juice: On Being Black and White in Canada. He is also the author of two acclaimed novels – the bestseller Any Known Blood and Some Great Thing. Lawrence Hill has won two awards recently. In 2006, he won the National Magazine Award for the best essay published in Canada in 2005 for â€Å"Is Africa’s Pain Black America’s Burden?† (The Walrus, February 2005). In 2005, the 90-minute film document that Hill wrote, Seeking Salvation: A History of the Black Church in Canada, Travesty Productions, Toronto (2004), won the American Wilbur Award for best national television documentary. Formerly a staff reporter with The Globe and Mail and the Parliamentary correspondent for The Winnipeg Free Press, Hill is the son of Donna Hill and the late Dr. Daniel Hill, American immigrants who spent their lives at the forefront of the Canadian human rights movement and co-founded the Ontario Black History Society. Hill speaks French and Spanish, and has lived and worked across Canada, in Baltimore, and in Spain and France. He has worked as a volunteer with Canadian Crossroads International in Mali, Niger and Cameroon, the Ontario Black History Society in Toronto and The Writers’ Union of Canada. Hill speaks frequently at conferences, universities, community events and in schools. Recently, he has given readings and lectures in The Netherlands, Uruguay and at Princeton University, as well as at venues across Canada.